Abstract
Τhe key axis of the present work is the analysis of Renewable Energy Sources penetration to the Greek Energy System. The analysis is developed through the interface approach of Law and Engineering. The Legislation contribution over the penetration phenomenon is examined.At first, the Constitutional Principle of Sustainability is presented, as well as its determination as sculpted by the Greek Legislation and Jurisprudence and correlated to the European and International regulatory context.Furthermore, the development of the Right to Green Energy outline is attempted: this Human Right is considered as the prerequisite to other Human Rights.The Penetration phenomenon is analysed based on Greek Data of the Feed-in-Tariffs System evolution relatively to the Installed Power and to the Equipment Cost, too.It is proved that the investment yield is the main driving force. A balanced penetration is achieved through investment yields of 15%, as the Wind case is, during the last fifteen years. Hi ...
Τhe key axis of the present work is the analysis of Renewable Energy Sources penetration to the Greek Energy System. The analysis is developed through the interface approach of Law and Engineering. The Legislation contribution over the penetration phenomenon is examined.At first, the Constitutional Principle of Sustainability is presented, as well as its determination as sculpted by the Greek Legislation and Jurisprudence and correlated to the European and International regulatory context.Furthermore, the development of the Right to Green Energy outline is attempted: this Human Right is considered as the prerequisite to other Human Rights.The Penetration phenomenon is analysed based on Greek Data of the Feed-in-Tariffs System evolution relatively to the Installed Power and to the Equipment Cost, too.It is proved that the investment yield is the main driving force. A balanced penetration is achieved through investment yields of 15%, as the Wind case is, during the last fifteen years. Higher Feed in Tariffs result in steep and uncontrolled penetration as the Photovoltaics case is. Lower Feed-in-Tariffs obliterate the penetration as the rest of RES (except Wind) technologies (as regulated by A. 4254/2014) case is.The main conclusions (apart from the rule of 15% investment yield) are as follow: (1) The bureaucratic licencing procedure results in high cost and delays on the implementation of the RES projects. Those delays are sometimes lasting more than 3 years (as the Photovoltaics case is). Additionally, the licencing delays of a precise RES technology triggers delays on licencing to adjacent RES technologies. (2) The steep and uncontrolled penetration resulted by strong driving forces, brings into deficit to the Greek Fund of RES. (3) The advanced penetration increases respectively the Charge of Greenhouse Gas Reduction and decreases the Marginal Price of Energy. (4) It is depicted that the disengagement of a crucial amount of Power after the termination of the 25years Power Purchase Agreements will result in a significant increasement of Greenhouse Gas. As this increasement should be avoided, a reform to the regulatory frame should be adopted. (5) It is depicted that the Legislative Initiative for a Special Land-use Framework for RES is still away from the sense of Sustainability determined as such a development that meets equally the environmental and financial needs of present and future generations. The Special Land-use Framework for RES should take into consideration both the carrying capacity of Greek Districts composed with the its Energy needs as well as with the capacity factor of each RES technology. The combined approach of all the above parameters results in the possibility as well as in the need of each District for Land-use Planning of those RES technologies. This approach complies with District carrying capacity and optimizes the produced Energy in relation to the Energy needs of said District. (6) It is estimated that under the current Legislation Frame, the Target 20-20-20 (that is binding Greek Energy System) will be met marginally, while if a Legislative reform is not adopted, by the year of 2035 a crucial amount of Photovoltaics Power will be disengaged. (7) A Legislative reform is suggested towards the stabilisation of the driving force resulting in a mild penetration free of distortions, either by continuous optimization of Feed in Tariffs or by public tenders towards the self-regulation of the energy market. From the scientific aspect, this work depicts that in a fast changing energy environment the pre-assessment of the quantitative impact that Legislation will bring into is of major importance.The main originality of the present work is the quantitative approach of the results that Legislative measures may have over the penetration of RES. Nevertheless, a feedback coming from such a quantitative approach may result in towards those Legislative reforms aiming to optimize the key parameters of Sustainability.
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