Ο ρόλος της προγενέστερης ενασχόλησης με άσκηση υψηλού επιπέδου και των υψηλών επιπέδων φυσικής κατάστασης στην αντιμετώπιση της παχυσαρκίας

Abstract

The role of exercise in obesity treatment has been discussed in a large number of studies in the past. No studies have been found to address the role of previous exercise participation as well as high levels of physical fitness has been examined in relation to body weight(BW), fat levels(F), lean body mass(LBM), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG), HDL cholesterol, resting energy expenditure(REE) and respiratory ratio(RR) at rest in obesity treatment outcome including diet and exercise. For the purpose of this study, 40 midly obese(body fat 39+-3,7% and BMI 31,1+- kg/m^(2)) premenopausal women 30-45 years old, body weight of 84,1+-3,7% were recruited. The women were divided into two groups of 20 according to their past participation in exercise program and their fitness levels. Group A(untrained) were women that had not exercised for the last 2 years and had VO^(2)peak less than 30 ml/kg/min. Group b(trained) were women that had been working out at least for the last 6 months, e times/week at an intensity of at last 60% of their maximun heart rate and they had VO^(2)peak more than or equal to 30ml/kg/min. Both groups followed a hypo caloric diet and an exercise program that consisted of aerobic and strenght training. t-tests were administered for independent samples for each variable(body weight, fat levels, lean body mass, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, resting energy expenditure and respiratory ratio). The dependent variables were the percentages of change between pre and post test. Also the effect size was estimated(ES). In order to examine possible interactions between the independent variables of the research(group, time) a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was administrated. In case there were statistically significant interactions simple main effects analysis was performed. The significance level was set to 0,005. Both groups lowered body weight and fat levels significantly, and the trained women lost significantly more weight and fat. Both groups maintained their LMB although they reduced their total weight. Trained women had a tendency to raise their LMB and untrained to lower LBM but these differences were not significant. The groups were not different in the percentages of changes in TC, TG and HDL. Both groups reduced significantly TC and not significantly the HDL levels. Both teams mainted their REE even though there was a significant reduction in body weight. Respiratory ratio values were reduced in the untrained group significantly and remained stable in the trained women. Previous exercise participation as well as high levels of physical fitness outcome can influence positively the outcome in obesity treatment after a diet and exercise program through greater reduction in body weight and body fat. Also it might be beneficial in lean body mass maintenance. Untrained women seem to benefit more from an obesity treatment program in improving the ability of using fat at rest.

Δεν υπάρχουν έρευνες που να προσδιορίζουν το ρόλο της προγενέστερης ενασχόλησης με άσκηση υψηλού επιπέδου και των υψηλών επιπέδων φυσικήν κατάστασιν στην αντιμετώπιση της παχυσαρκίας. Στην εργασία αυτή χρησιμοποιήθηκαν γυναίκες 30-45 ετών, 84+-8kg 39,1+-3,7% ποσοστό λίπους και ΒΜΙ 31,1+-1,9. Χωρίστηκαν σε 2 ομάδες σύμφωνα με την προγενέστερη ενασχόληση με άσκηση και των αρχικών τους επιπέδων φυσικήν κατάστασιν σε προπονούμενες και απροπόνητες. Στην ομάδα προπονημένων τοποθετήθηκαν οι γυναίκες που γυμνάζονταν συστηματικά 3 φορές την εβδομάδα με ένταση 60% την μέγιστην καρδιακήν συχνότητα μαι 20 με 30 τουλάχιστον και είχαν μέγιστη κατανάλωση οξυγόνου πάνω από 30ml/kg/min. Και οι δύο ομάδων ακολούθησαν πρόγραμμα άσκησης και διατροφής για 12 εβδομάδες. Και οι ομάδες μείωσας σημαντικά το βάρος, το σωματικό λίπος και οι γυμνασμένες είχαν μεγαλύτερη μεταβολή. Εμφανίστηκε μικρή τάση αύξησης μυικής μάζας μόνο στις γυμνασμένες ενώ τα ποσοστά μεταβολής μεταξύ τους δεν διέφεραν στην ολική χοληστερόζη, στα τριγλυκερίδια, στη χοληστερόλη HDL, στην ενεργειακή δαπάνη ηρεμίας. Οι αγύμναστες μόνο μείωσαν τα αναπνευστικό πηλίκο. Ο ρόλος της άσκησης φαίνεται να είναι σημαντικός και στο αδυνάτισμα.