Χαρακτηρισμός φίλτρων από πορώδεις υάλους

Περίληψη

Τα πορώδη υλικά είναι ευρέως διαδεδομένα σε ένα πλήθος βιομηχανικών εφαρμογών, όπως οι διεργασίες διαχωρισμού και κατάλυσης. Για το χαρακτηρισμό των πορωδών συστημάτων, μεγάλη σημασία έχει ο λεπτομερής καθορισμός τόσο της δομής όσο και της γεωμετρίας των πόρων. Κατά την παρασκευή της υάλου (Vycorization), μείγμα αποτελούμενο από 70% SiO2, 25% B2O3 και 5% Na2O τήκεται στους 1200-1450 οC. Δεδομένου ότι το διάγραμμα φάσεως ενός τέτοιου μείγματος εμφανίζει περιοχή μη αναμιξιμότητας, (miscibility gap) με ψύξη του τήγματος σε θερμοκρασία χαμηλότερη από την κρίσιμη θερμοκρασία αναμιξιμότητας, αυτό οδηγείται σε σχηματισμό δύο φάσεων (phase separation). Μία φάση είναι πλούσια σε SiO2 και μία είναι πλούσια σε B2O3. Η δεύτερη φάση είναι διαλυτή σε οξύ και μπορεί να εκπλυθεί (leaching), αφήνοντας έτσι ένα πλήρως διασυνδεδεμένο μεσοπορώδες υλικό. Για τη διεργασία του Vycorization δύο κυρίως μηχανισμοί διαχωρισμού φάσεων έχουν προταθεί: α) ο μηχανισμός αστάθειας (spinodal decomposition) και β) ο ...
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Περίληψη σε άλλη γλώσσα

On vycorization, borosilicate glasses undergo a phase separation. The resulting two portions are topologically continuous and the most soluble B2O3 -rich phase may be leached out. The nature of this interconnected matrix has been investigated relative to the stability of phases within the miscibility gap . The separation procedure has been interpreted by two different mechanisms, namely: nucleation and growth, and spinodal decomposition. The geometrical nature of the interface has been examined, too. In most of the cases it was suggested that the surface is fractal, while in a few others it was alluded a Euclidean one. By scrutinising the geometry of the surface boundary, it is possible to gain information on the morphology of the pore structure; In this dissertation, we report results on Vycor 7930 porous glass obtained by adsorption in conjunction with small-angle scattering of neutrons and x-rays (SANS and SAXS). In both cases, a number of scattering curves at various relative pres ...

Όλα τα τεκμήρια στο ΕΑΔΔ προστατεύονται από πνευματικά δικαιώματα.

Όλα τα τεκμήρια στο ΕΑΔΔ προστατεύονται από πνευματικά δικαιώματα.

rface, the adsorbed molecules condense within small cavities initiating the gelation process locally; a smooth surface is observed As p/p0 increases the gelation process advances from local regions to the whole extent of the silica surface resulting to a diffuse boundary, i.e. D<2. Opposite, the SAXS data suggests that CH2Br2 defractalizes the Vycor surface rather ploddingly. This may be explained as follows. If the base line has D<2.5, where 2.5 is a critical exponent , the molecular tiling will affect only the rough character of the surface and will leave invariant the fractal one. Therefore, deroughening rather than defractalization occurs . At p/p0~0.76 the adsorbed film acquires liquid-like properties and thus a smooth surface is observed . The surface morphology of a Vycor porous glass was examined by a dynamic technique, too. To this end, the Vycor diaphragm was loaded with water at various relative pressures (p/p0), and after that He diffusivities were recorded. The shape of the curve suggests a PR-maximum at p/p0=0.3. This maximum can not be resolved by a trivial application of Knudsen theory. As adsorption progresses an amount of adsorbed water is deposited on the pore walls. Therefore, diameter will decrease by a value t corresponding to the thickness of the adsorbed film. and subsequently a PR-curve would be expected to decrease steadily as p/p0, increases. At p/p0=0.3 the amount of water adsorbed within the Vycor matrix is equal to about 3% w/w. The internal surface of dry Vycor is probably disturbed by a number of dangling bonds which give rise to a fractal character. When wet, the dangling bonds fall dawn rendering the surface smooth. A series of controlled porous glasses (CPGs) with pore sizes from 17 to 300 nm has been examined by very-small-angle neutron scattering (VSANS). The scattering curves show a peak in a range of Q values, depending on the particle size to the average pore size ratio. The entrapment of mercury in CPGs having undergone a complete intrusion}extrusion cycle has also been examined by VSANS. The peak positions do not vary for the mercury-loaded samples suggesting no structural changes due to the high intrusion pressures involved (60,000 psi). It was concluded that an amount of mercury blobs is trapped within the cavities of the glasses.
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