Development of an antibiotic use surveillance system, investigation of the statistical relationship between antibiotic consumption and microbial resistance and implementaation of evidence based antibiotic policies in district general hospitals of Crete

Abstract

Study 1: A standardized antibiotic surveillance system is an essential requirement of all antibiotic control strategies. To this end, we reviewed the international literature and assessed the methods, trends and targets of international hospital antibiotic surveillance programs. Conclusions are summarized as follows: Antibiotic use can be accurately quantified using patient-level surveillance, though it is not feasible for most hospitals. Instead, population-level surveillance is a more realistic alternative for ongoing and systematic monitoring of antibiotic use. Monitoring of aggregate, ward-supply data on a monthly basis, stratification by patient-care area and analysis by the anatomical therapeutic chemical and defined daily dose (ATC/DDD) system, adjusting for bed-occupancy, provides a clear picture of antibiotic consumption density and time-trends within the hospital. When usage rates are supplemented and interpreted accordingly to changes in hospital resource indicators (number ...
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