Φωτισμός ανάδειξης ιστορικών κτιρίων

Abstract

In Greece and worldwide there are no norms or directives for the highlighting of historic buildings. The instructions of lighting organizations concern mainly the technical parameters of the design. The main aim of this thesis is to fill this gap and formulate a general framework of principles on how to illuminate historic buildings. The main body of the thesis consists of five parts: A. Presentation of the historical development of lighting and highlighting. Examination of the points of view of professionals and theorists of lighting through their written descriptions and the illustrations of lighting projects. Examination of the reliability of the illustrations. Development of the method of the in-situ observations. Presentation of examples of indirect natural illumination. B. Presentation of the photometric and the technical parameters of lighting design. Presentation of the methods that minimise light pollution. Investigation of the qualitative parameters of color temperature. C. Natural lighting: Examination of its characteristics, of the the ways it interacs with the building and the ways it changes with time. D. The characteristics of night observation are examined, as well as the similarities of artificial lighting with old ways of illumination. The qualitative characteristics of the night image are analysed. 10 quality parameters of architectural illumination are defined: readability, recognisibility, projectivity, attractivity, staticity, liveness, theatricality, care, priority and aesthetic integrity. It is investigated how "architecture" can be revealed with the use of ways of artificial illumination that are simillar to natural illumination. E. The methodology of lighting design, as well as the presentation methods of the night image is examined. A general framework of principles on the ways of illumination that promote readability is defined, corelated with the technical aspects of design. A case is examined where light design is not the best way for lighting enhancement. Finely, the ways for energy saving in the illumination of historic buildings are examined. Annexes A, B, C, D and E form the photographic archive, where the parameters of city and architectural illumination are analysed. Annexes and I contain respectively: datation data for lanterns of historic morphology, and the restoration and conservatin charters. The correlations between the illuminated areas of night images of historic buildings are examined in line with the impresssion that the observer gains. The investigation is done at the level of the "of the illuminated areas language”. For the collection of optical data and impressions, the method of the in-situ observations is used. From the in-situ observations, the importance of indirect natural lighting is recognized. It has been found that it makes viewing interesting, and enhances readability. Its correlations with artificial lighting promote readability in night illumination. It has been found that the appropriate use of priority, together with the creation of "integrative lit urban pathways”, can reduce optical pollution and energy consumption for illumination. Through the definition of the 10 qualities it has been made possible to correlate the technical parameters of artificial illumination with the "character” of the nocturnal image of architectural enhancement.