Η πνευματική πατρότητα κατά τον Μέγα Βασίλειο

Abstract

The purpose of our paper was to analytically present the model of spiritual paternity in the way this can be observed in the life and work of St. Basil the Great, a churchly man, who harmoniously combined the charismatic-monastic paternity with the pastoral and institutional one in his personality, thus being acknowledged as father and teacher of the Church. In his person, St. Basil united, in the most beautiful way, and better than any other Church father, every characteristic of a threefold authentic paternity. Through his life and work he became church father of the friars, actually one of the most important ones for the Christian monasticism in general, and for the orthodox one specifically. His manifold pastoral work, to which he dedicated himself with great readiness of sacrifice, as a priest and as a bishop, sealed him as the charismatic father of his parish, father of orphans, provider for the hungry ones, protector of the widows, intermediary for the poor, and intermediary for and helper of all those in need. The echo of his ascetic and pastoral work in the consciousness of the faithful, as well as his immense theological and liturgical contribution, accounted for him being acknowledged as ecumenical Church father and Church teacher. Our work presents in an analytical way all the elements that consecrated St. Basil the Great as charismatic prelate and spiritual father. It presents the way in which his spiritual paternity was acknowledged by the faithful, both at a local level as well as at a universal one, in an attempt to underline from a scientific, and also from a clergy point of view, an accomplished personality and an exceptional model of understanding of our churchly tradition, model that speaks prophetically also for nowadays.

Ἡ προσπάθειά μας μέ τή σύνταξη τῆς παρούσης διατριβῆς ἦταν νά παρουσιάσουμε ἀναλυτικά τό πρότυπο πνευματικῆς πατρότητας πού τό χάραξε μέ τή ζωή καί τό ἔργο του ὁ Μέγας Βασίλειος, ἐκκλησιαστικός ἄνδρας πού ἕνωσε ἁρμονικά στό πρόσωπό του τή χαρισματική μοναστική με τήν ποιμαντική ἱδρυματική πατρότητα καί ἀναγνωρίσθηκε ὡς οἰκουμενικός Πατέρας καί διδάσκαλος τῆς Ἐκκλησίας. Ὁ Μέγας Βασίλειος σύναψε στό πρόσωπό του σέ ἄριστο βαθμό ὅλα τά χαρακτηριστικά μιᾶς τρίπλευρης αὐθεντικῆς πατρότητας σέ ἄριστο μέτρο καί πέραν ἀπό κάθε ἄλλο ἐκκλησιαστικό ἄνδρα. Διά τοῦ βίου καί τοῦ ἀσκητικοῦ τοῦ ἔργου ἔχινε πατέρας μοναχῶν καί ἀκόμη ἕνας ἀπό τούς σημαντικότερους πατέρες τοῦ ὀρθοδόξου καί γενικά τοῦ χριστιανικοῦ Μοναχισμοῦ. Τό πολύπλευρο καί πολύμοχθο ποιμαντικό του ἔργο ὡς ἱερέας καί ἐπίσκοπος τόν καθιέρωσε ὡς πραγματικό καί χαρισματικό πατέρα τῶν ποιμενομένων του, πατέρα τῶν ὀρφανῶν, τροφό τῶν πεινασμένων, προστάτη τῶν χηρῶν, πρέσβη τῶν πτωχῶν καί μεσίτη καί βοηθό ὅλων τῶν ἐν ἀνάγκες βρισκόμενων. Ἡ ἀπήχηση τοῦ ἀσκητι κοῦ καί τοῦ ποιμαντικοῦ τοῦ ἔργου στή συνείδηση τοῦ ἐκκλησιαστικοῦ πληρώματος καθώς καί ἡ τεράστιά του θεολογική καί λειτουργική συμβολή τοῦ ἔφεραν τήν ἀναγνώριση ἐκ μέρος τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ὡς οἰκουμενικοῦ πατρός καί διδασκάλου αὐτῆς. Ἡ παροῦσα ἐργασία ἀναφέρει ἀναλυτικά ὅλα τά στοιχεῖα πού καθιέρωσαν τόν Μ. Βασίλειο ὡς χαρισματικό ἱεράρχη καί πνευματικό πατέρα καί παρουσιάζει τόν τρόπο ἀναγνώρισης τῆς πνευματικῆς πατρότητάς του ἀπό τό ἐκκλησιαστικό πλήρωμα σέ τοπικό καί οἰκουμενικό ἐπίπεδο στήν προσπάθεια μιᾶς ἐπιστημονικής διακονικῆς συμβουλῆς τῆς προβολῆς ἑνός ὁλοκληρωμένου προσώπου καί ἄριστου προτύπου κατανόησης καί βίωσης τῆς ἐκκλησιαστικῆς μας Παραδόσεως, ὁ ὁποῖος μιλᾶ προφητικά καί γιά τίς ἡμέρες μας.

Scopul lucrării noastre a fost acela de a prezenta analitic modelul paternităţii duhovniceşti aşa cum acesta se vede în viaţa şi opera Sfântului Vasile cel Mare, bărbat bisericesc care a îmbinat armonic în persoana sa paternitatea xarismatică monastică cu cea pastorală şi instituţională, fiind recunoscut drept părinte şi dascăl al Bisericii. În persoana sa Sf. Vasile a unit în cel mai frumos mod toate caracteristicile unei întreite paternităţi autentice mai mult decât oricare alt părinte bisericesc. Prin viaţa şi opera sa el a devenit părinte al monahilor, şi încă unul din cei mai importanţi ai monahismului creştin în general şi ai celui ortodox în special. Opera sa pastorală multilaterală în care s-a implicat cu multă jertfelnicie ca preot şi episcop l-a consacrat drept părinte harismatic al păstoriţilor săi, părinte al orfanilor, hrănitor al celor înfometaţi, ocrotitor al văduvelor, mijlocitor al săracilor şi mijlocitor şi ajutător al tuturor celor aflaţi în nevoi. Ecoul operei sale ascetice şi pastorale în conştiinţa poporului credincios precum şi uriaşa lui contribuţie teologică şi liturgică i-au adus recunoaşterea din partea Bisericii drept părinte ecumenic şi dascăl al acesteia. Lucrarea noastră prezintă analitic toate elementele care l-au consacrat pe Sf. Vasile cel Mare drept ierarh harismatic şi părinte duhovnicesc şi prezintă modul recunoaşterii paternităţii sale duhovniceşti de către poporul credincios la nivel local şi universal, în încercarea de a pune în evidenţă în mod ştiinţific şi diaconal o personalitate desăvârşită şi un model excepţional de înţelegere a trăirii Tradiţiei noastre bisericeşti, care vorbeşte profetic şi pentru zilele noastre.